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101 Asked Questions</a></li>
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103 <a href="gpl-2.0.txt">plain text</a>,
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113 <h3>Table of Contents</h3>
116 <li><a name="TOC1" href="gpl-2.0.html#SEC1">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC
117 LICENSE<!--TRANSLATORS: Don't translate the license; copy msgid's
120 <li><a name="TOC2" href="gpl-2.0.html#SEC2">Preamble</a></li>
121 <li><a name="TOC3" href="gpl-2.0.html#SEC3">TERMS AND CONDITIONS
122 FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION</a></li>
123 <li><a name="TOC4" href="gpl-2.0.html#SEC4">How to Apply These
124 Terms to Your New Programs</a></li>
130 <h3><a name="SEC1" href="gpl-2.0.html#TOC1">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a></h3>
136 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
137 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
139 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
140 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
143 <h3><a name="preamble"></a><a name="SEC2" href="gpl-2.0.html#TOC2">Preamble</a></h3>
146 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
147 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
148 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
149 software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
150 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
151 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
152 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
153 the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
158 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
159 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
160 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
161 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
162 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
163 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
167 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
168 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
169 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
170 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
174 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
175 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
176 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
177 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
182 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
183 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
184 distribute and/or modify the software.
188 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
189 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
190 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
191 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
192 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
193 authors' reputations.
197 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
198 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
199 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
200 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
201 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
205 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
210 <h3><a name="terms"></a><a name="SEC3" href="gpl-2.0.html#TOC3">TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION</a></h3>
213 <a name="section0"></a><p>
215 This License applies to any program or other work which contains
216 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
217 under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
218 refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
219 means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
220 that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
221 either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
222 language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
223 the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
227 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
228 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
229 running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
230 is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
231 Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
232 Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
235 <a name="section1"></a><p>
237 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
238 source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
239 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
240 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
241 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
242 and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
243 along with the Program.
247 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
248 you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
251 <a name="section2"></a><p>
253 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
254 of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
255 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
256 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
263 You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
264 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
269 You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
270 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
271 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
272 parties under the terms of this License.
277 If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
278 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
279 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
280 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
281 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
282 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
283 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
284 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
285 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
286 the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
291 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
292 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
293 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
294 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
295 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
296 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
297 on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
298 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
299 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
303 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
304 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
305 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
306 collective works based on the Program.
310 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
311 with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
312 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
313 the scope of this License.
316 <a name="section3"></a><p>
318 You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
319 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
320 Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
323 <!-- we use this doubled UL to get the sub-sections indented, -->
324 <!-- while making the bullets as unobvious as possible. -->
330 Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
331 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
332 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
337 Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
338 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
339 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
340 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
341 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
342 customarily used for software interchange; or,
347 Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
348 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
349 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
350 received the program in object code or executable form with such
351 an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
356 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
357 making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
358 code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
359 associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
360 control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
361 special exception, the source code distributed need not include
362 anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
363 form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
364 operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
365 itself accompanies the executable.
369 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
370 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
371 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
372 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
373 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
376 <a name="section4"></a><p>
378 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
379 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
380 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
381 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
382 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
383 this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
384 parties remain in full compliance.
387 <a name="section5"></a><p>
389 You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
390 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
391 distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
392 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
393 modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
394 Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
395 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
396 the Program or works based on it.
399 <a name="section6"></a><p>
401 Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
402 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
403 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
404 these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
405 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
406 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
410 <a name="section7"></a><p>
412 If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
413 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
414 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
415 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
416 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
417 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
418 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
419 may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
420 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
421 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
422 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
423 refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
427 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
428 any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
429 apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
434 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
435 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
436 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
437 integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
438 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
439 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
440 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
441 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
442 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
447 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
448 be a consequence of the rest of this License.
451 <a name="section8"></a><p>
453 If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
454 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
455 original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
456 may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
457 those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
458 countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
459 the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
462 <a name="section9"></a><p>
464 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
465 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
466 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
467 address new problems or concerns.
471 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
472 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
473 later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
474 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
475 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
476 this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
480 <a name="section10"></a><p>
482 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
483 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
484 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
485 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
486 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
487 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
488 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
491 <a name="section11"></a><p><strong>NO WARRANTY</strong></p>
495 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
496 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
497 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
498 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
499 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
500 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
501 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
502 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
503 REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
506 <a name="section12"></a><p>
508 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
509 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
510 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
511 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
512 OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
513 TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
514 YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
515 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
516 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
519 <h3>END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS</h3>
521 <h3><a name="howto"></a><a name="SEC4" href="gpl-2.0.html#TOC4">How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</a></h3>
524 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
525 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
526 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
530 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
531 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
532 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
533 the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
537 <var>one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.</var>
538 Copyright (C) <var>yyyy</var> <var>name of author</var>
540 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
541 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
542 as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
543 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
545 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
546 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
547 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
548 GNU General Public License for more details.
550 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
551 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
552 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
556 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
560 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
561 when it starts in an interactive mode:
565 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>name of author</var>
566 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
567 type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome
568 to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
573 The hypothetical commands <samp>`show w'</samp> and <samp>`show c'</samp> should show
574 the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
575 commands you use may be called something other than <samp>`show w'</samp> and
576 <samp>`show c'</samp>; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever
581 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
582 school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
583 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
588 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
589 interest in the program `Gnomovision'
590 (which makes passes at compilers) written
593 <var>signature of Ty Coon</var>, 1 April 1989
594 Ty Coon, President of Vice
598 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
599 proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
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766 <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
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782 <!-- timestamp start -->
783 $Date: 2010/09/08 23:44:11 $
784 <!-- timestamp end -->
788 <div id="translations">
789 <h4>Translations of this page</h4>
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806 <ul class="translations-list">
808 <li><a href="/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.cs.html">Česky</a> [cs]</li>
810 <li><a href="/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html">English</a> [en]</li>
812 <li><a href="/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.ja.html">日本語</a> [ja]</li>